Variable definitions end ========================*/ /** * Eric Meyer's Reset CSS v2.0 http://meyerweb.com/eric/tools/css/reset/ * http://cssreset.com */ html,body,div,span,applet,object,iframe,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,p,blockquote,pre,a,abbr,acronym,address,big,cite,code,del,dfn,em,img,ins,kbd,q,s,samp,small,strike,strong,sub,sup,tt,var,b,u,i,center,dl,dt,dd,ol,ul,li,fieldset,form,label,legend,table,caption,tbody,tfoot,thead,tr,th,td,article,aside,canvas,details,embed,figure,figcaption,footer,header,hgroup,menu,nav,output,ruby,section,summary,time,mark,audio,video{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;/*font-size:100%;*/font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;} /* HTML5 display-role reset for older browsers */ article,aside,details,figcaption,figure,footer,header,hgroup,menu,nav,section{display:block;}body{line-height:1;display:block;}*{margin:0;padding:0;}html{display:block;}blockquote,q{quotes:none;}blockquote::before,blockquote::after,q::before,q::after{content:'';content:none;}table{border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0;} /* Blogger CSS Reset */ .section,.widget{margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;} .navbar,.blog-feeds,.feed-links,#backlinks-container,a.home-link,.blog-mobile-link{display:none;} .quickedit,.edit-post,.item-control{display:none;} .post-body .separator > a, .post-body .separator > span {margin-left: 0 !important;} /* FRAMEWORK */ strong,b{font-weight:bold;} cite,em,i{font-style:italic;} a:link{color:$(body.link.color);text-decoration:none;outline:none;} a:visited{color:$(body.link.color);text-decoration:none;} a:hover{color:$(body.link.hover.color);text-decoration:underline;} a img{border:none;border-width:0;outline:none;} abbr,acronym{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help;} sup,sub{vertical-align:baseline;position:relative;top:-.4rem;font-size:86%;} sub{top:.4rem;}small{font-size:86%;} kbd{font-size:80%;border:1px solid #777;padding:2px 5px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-radius:4px;} mark{background-color:#ffce00;color:black;} p,blockquote,pre,table,figure,hr,form,ol,ul,dl{margin:0 0 1.5rem;} hr{height:1px;border:none;background-color:#666;} h1{font-size:1.8rem} h2{font-size:1.6rem} h3{font-size:1.4rem} h4{font-size:1.2rem} h5{font-size:1rem} h6{font-size:0.9rem} /* heading */ h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 { margin: 0 0 0.6rem; font-weight: bold; } /* list */ ol,ul,dl{margin: .8rem 0rem .8rem 3rem} li{margin: .5rem 0} dt{font-weight: bold} dd{margin: 0 0 .5rem 2rem} /* form */ input,button,select,textarea{font:inherit;font-size:100%;line-height:normal;vertical-align:baseline;} textarea{display:block;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;} /* code & blockquote */ pre,code{font-family:"Courier New",Courier,Monospace;color:inherit;font-size:.9rem} pre{white-space:pre;word-wrap:normal;overflow:auto;} blockquote{background:rgba(0,0,0,0.025);margin:1.5em 2em;padding:1em 1em;font-style:italic;font-size:105%;} blockquote::before { content: "\275D"; font-size: 1.8rem; text-decoration: inherit; padding-right: 10px; color: inherit; line-height: 1rem; } /* table */ table[border="1"] td, table[border="1"] th { vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-size: 13px; padding: 3px 5px; border: 1px solid #f6f6f6; } table[border="1"] th { background: #eee; } table, img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; } iframe { max-width: 100%; } td.tr-caption { font-size: .8rem; opacity: 0.8; } .clear { clear: both; } .clear::after { visibility: hidden; display: block; font-size: 0; content: " "; clear: both; height: 0; } /* TRANSISI */ a:link, .label-count, #cssmenu ul ul li, #cssmenu > ul > li.has-sub > a::before, #cssmenu ul ul li.has-sub > a::before, .berlangganan-box input.submit-email[type="submit"], .berlangganan-box input.email-address[type="text"] { transition: all 0.2s; -moz-transition: all 0.2s; -webkit-transition: all 0.2s; } .lazyload, .lazyloading { opacity: 0; } .lazyloaded { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 300ms; } .related-post-style-3 .related-post-item { transition: opacity 0.2s linear; } .label-info-th a, .info-1, h2.post-title, .post-snippet, .sidebar-sticky { transition: all .2s linear; -o-transition: all .2s linear; -moz-transition: all .2s linear; -webkit-transition: all .2s linear; } .img-thumbnail, .img-thumbnail img { transition: width .2s linear; -o-transition: width .2s linear; -moz-transition: width .2s linear; -webkit-transition: width .2s linear; } #searchfs input[type="search"], h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 { transition: font-size .2s linear; -o-transition: font-size .2s linear; -moz-transition: font-size .2s linear; -webkit-transition: font-size .2s linear; } .img-thumbnail, .img-thumbnail img, .FeaturedPost .post-summary, .FeaturedPost .image, .PopularPosts .item-thumbnail, .PopularPosts .widget-content ul li img, .Profile .widget-content, .PopularPosts .widget-content ul, .list-label-widget-content ul, .label-info-th a, .displaypageNum a, .showpage a, .pagecurrent, #blog-pager-newer-link a, #blog-pager-older-link a, .Profile .profile-link, .label-size, .berlangganan-box, #baca-juga, #baca-juga h2, .related-post-item-thumbnail, #baca-juga ul, .PopularPosts ul li .item-thumbnail-only::before, .PopularPosts ul li .item-content::before, .PopularPosts ul li > a::before, blockquote { border-radius: 4px; } #share a:first-child { border-radius: 3px 0 0 3px; } #share a:last-child { border-radius: 0 3px 3px 0; } body { background: $(body.background); margin: 0 0 0 0; padding: 0 0 0 0; color: $(body.text.color); font: $(page.text.font); text-align: left; } /* WRAPPER */ #wrapper { background: $(posts.background.color); max-width: 1000px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 70px 30px 30px; overflow: hidden; } /* HEADER */ #header-container { background: $(header.background.kiri); background: linear-gradient(to right, $(header.background.kiri), $(header.background.kanan)); position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; width: 100%; z-index: 999; height: 48px; } #header-wrapper { max-width: 1000px; margin: 0 auto; position: relative; } .header { max-width: 400px; float: left; margin-right: 28px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; text-overflow: ellipsis; } .header h1.title, .header p.title { font: $(header.font); color: $(header.title.color); margin: 0; text-transform: uppercase; line-height: 50px; } .header .description { color: $(header.title.color); margin: -10px 0 4px 0; padding: 0; font-size: 0.7em; display: none; } .header a, .header a:hover { color: $(header.title.color); text-decoration: none; } .header img { display: block; width: auto; margin: 10px 0; max-height: 28px; } /* POST WRAPPER */ .post-container { padding-right: 25px; } #post-wrapper { background: transparent; float: left; width: 70%; max-width: 700px; } .breadcrumbs { font-size: 0.9rem !important; color: $(post.footer.color); margin-bottom: 20px; } .breadcrumbs a { color: $(post.footer.color); } .post { margin-bottom: 30px; } .post-body { line-height: 1.65em; text-align: left; word-wrap: break-word; } h2.post-title, h1.post-title { font: $(post.title.font); } h1.post-title { font-size: 30px; margin-bottom: 15px; } h2.post-title { margin-bottom: 10px; } h2.post-title a, h1.post-title a, h2.post-title, h1.post-title { color: $(posts.title.color); line-height: 1.425em; } h2.post-title a:hover, h1.post-title a:hover { color: $(post.title.hover.color); text-decoration: none; } .img-thumbnail { position: relative; float: left; width: 255px; height: 152px; margin-top: 3px; overflow: hidden; } .img-thumbnail img { width: 100%; display: block; } .label-info-th { display: block; z-index: 2; position: relative; margin-bottom: 10px; height: 32px; overflow: hidden; } .label-line, .label-line-c { position:relative; } .label-line-c { text-align: center; margin-bottom: 20px; } .label-line::before, .label-line-c::before { background: $(label.bg.color); z-index: 1; content: ""; width: 100%; height: 2px; position: absolute; top: 50%; left: 0; } .label-info-th a { color: $(label.color); background: $(label.bg.color); display: inline-block; padding: 8px 12px; margin: 1px 0; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 500; } .label-info-th a:hover { color: $(label.hover.color); } .post-info { color: $(post.footer.color); font: $(post.footer.font); line-height: 1.6em; } .post-snippet b, .post-snippet strong, .post-snippet i, .post-snippet em { font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; } .info-1 { margin-top: 10px; } .info-3 { margin-bottom: 1.6em; } .post-info a { display: inline-block; color: inherit; } .post-info a:hover { color: $(body.link.color); } .comment-info::before, .time-info::before, .label-info::before { content: "\2014"; padding: 0 2px; } .edit-post a { color: $(body.link.color); } .edit-post a:hover { color: $(body.link.hover.color); } .edit-post::before { content: "-"; padding: 0 2px; } /* AUTHOR POST PROFILE */ .author-profile { overflow: hidden; margin: 30px 0; line-height: 1.5; } .author-profile img { width: 75px; border: none; float: left; margin-right: 15px; border-radius: 46px; } .author-profile > span { font-size: 14px; opacity: 0.8; } .author-profile a.g-profile { font-weight: bold; color: $(body.link.hover.color); font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 5px; display: inline-block; } .author-profile a.g-profile:hover { color: $(body.link.color); } /* SIDEBAR WIDGET */ #sidebar-wrapper { background:transparent; float:right; width:30%; max-width:300px; margin:0 auto; } .sidebar h2, .sidebar-sticky h2, .latest-post-title h2, .above-post-widget h2, .comments h3 { font: $(widget.title.font); margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px 0px 5px; color: $(widget.title.color); display: inline-block; text-transform: uppercase; } .sidebar h2::after { content: ""; } .section:last-child .widget:last-child, .sidebar .widget, .sidebar-sticky .widget, .above-post-widget .widget, .bellow-header-widget .widget{ margin:0 0 30px; clear:both; } .sidebar ul, .sidebar ol, .sidebar-sticky ul, .sidebar-sticky ol { list-style-type:none; margin: 0; padding: 0; } .sidebar li, .sidebar-sticky li { margin:5px 0; padding: 0; } .sidebar-sticky { z-index: 9; } .sidebar .widget-content::after, .sidebar-sticky .widget-content::after, .sidebar .widget-content::before, .sidebar-sticky .widget-content::before { content: ""; display: table; table-layout: fixed; clear: both; } .bellow-header-widget { text-align: center; } .bellow-header-widget h2 { display: none; } .bellow-header-widget .widget { overflow: hidden; } .bellow-header-widget img, .bellow-header-widget iframe{ max-width: 100%; border: none; overflow: hidden; } /* CUSTOM WIDGET */ .widget-item-control { float: right; height: 20px; margin-top: -20px; position: relative; z-index: 10 } .widget-item-control a { opacity: .5 } .widget-item-control a:hover { opacity: 1 } .widget .widget-item-control a img { border: none; padding: 0 ; background: none; -moz-box-shadow: none; -webkit-box-shadow: none; -ie-box-shadow: none; box-shadow: none } .widget ul { line-height:1.4em; } /* GSC */ .gsc-search-box-tools .gsc-search-box .gsc-input { margin: 3px 0 !important; } .gsib_a { padding: 0px 6px 0 !important; } .cse .gsc-search-button-v2, .gsc-search-button-v2 { padding: 9px 27px !important; } /* Label */ .label-size-1,.label-size-2,.label-size-3,.label-size-4,.label-size-5 { font-size:100%; opacity:10 } .cloud-label-widget-content { text-align:left } .label-size { background: $(label.bg.color); transition: all 0.25s; -moz-transition: all 0.25s; -webkit-transition: all 0.25s; line-height:1.2; display: block; float: left; margin: 0 3px 3px 0; color: $(body.link.color); font-size: 13px; } .label-size a,.label-size span{ display: inline-block; color: $(label.color); padding: 8px 12px; } .label-count { margin-left: -12px; margin-right: 0px; } .list-label-widget-content ul { font-size: .9rem; -moz-column-count: 2; -moz-column-gap: 8px; -webkit-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-gap: 8px; column-count: 2; column-gap: 8px; } .list-label-widget-content ul li { padding-bottom: 5px; margin: 0 0; padding-top: 5px; } .bellow-header-widget .cloud-label-widget-content { } .bellow-header-widget .cloud-label-widget-content .label-size { font-weight: bold; } .bellow-header-widget .cloud-label-widget-content .label-size a, .bellow-header-widget .cloud-label-widget-content .label-size span { padding: 15px 20px; } /* Feed */ .Feed ul li { display: block; margin: 0 0 10px; } .Feed ul li:last-child { margin-bottom: 10px; } .Feed .item-date, .Feed .item-author { color: #999; } .Feed .item-title { font-weight: bold; } /* Popular Posts */ .PopularPosts .widget-content ul, .PopularPosts .widget-content ul li { margin: 0 0; padding: 0 0; list-style:none; border:none; outline:none; } .PopularPosts .widget-content ul { margin: 0; list-style:none; counter-reset:num; } .PopularPosts .widget-content ul li img { display: block; width: 70px; height: 70px; float: left; } .PopularPosts .widget-content ul li { margin: 0 0 20px; counter-increment: num; position: relative; } .PopularPosts ul li:last-child { margin-bottom: 0px; } .PopularPosts ul li .item-thumbnail-only::before, .PopularPosts ul li .item-content::before, .PopularPosts ul li > a::before { color: $(body.link.color) !important; } .PopularPosts ul li .item-thumbnail-only::after, .PopularPosts ul li .item-content::after, .PopularPosts ul li > a::after { } .PopularPosts .item-title { line-height: 1.6; margin-right: 8px; min-height: 40px; font-weight: bold; } .PopularPosts .item-thumbnail { float: left; margin-right: 10px; } .PopularPosts .item-snippet { line-height: 1.6em; font-size: 14px; margin-top: 8px; opacity: 0.925; } .PopularPosts ul li > a { font-weight: bold; } /* Featured Post */ .FeaturedPost .post-summary { background: #f7f7f7; position: relative; padding: 0; min-height: 190px; max-height: 450px; overflow: hidden; } .FeaturedPost .post-summary h3 { font: $(post.title.font); position: absolute; bottom: 58px; z-index: 1; font-size: 28px; margin: 0 15px; } .FeaturedPost .post-summary h3::after { content:""; position:absolute; top:-0.25em; right:100%; bottom:-0.25em; width:0.25em; } .FeaturedPost .post-summary h3 a { color: $(jwfp.color); background: $(jwfp.background.color); padding: 3px 8px; -webkit-box-decoration-break: clone; -o-box-decoration-break: clone; box-decoration-break: clone; } .FeaturedPost .post-summary h3 a:hover { color: $(post.title.hover.color); text-decoration: none; } .FeaturedPost .post-summary p { position: absolute; background: $(jwfp.background.color); color: $(jwfp.color); padding: 3px 8px; bottom: 15px; margin: 0 15px; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; width: 90%; -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; -moz-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; } .FeaturedPost .image { display: block; } .sidebar .FeaturedPost .post-summary h3 { font-size: 16px; } /* Profile */ .Profile .widget-content { background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.03); text-align: center; padding: 30px; margin: 0 auto; max-width: 300px; } .Profile .profile-img { border-radius: 50%; float: none; } .Profile .profile-name-link { color: $(body.text.color); font-size: .9em; opacity: 1; overflow: hidden; } .Profile .profile-name-link:hover { color: $(body.link.color); } .Profile .profile-link { border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; cursor: pointer; font-size: 14px; padding: 5px 15px; display: inline-block; line-height: normal; } .profile-textblock { margin: .8em 0; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; } .profile-img { float: left; display:inline; opacity:10; margin:0 6px 3px 0; } .profile-data { margin: 0; } .profile-datablock { margin: .5em 0; } .profile-name-link { background: no-repeat left top; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; min-height: 20px; padding-left: 20px; } /* Archive */ #ArchiveList .toggle { cursor: pointer; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin-right: 10px; } #ArchiveList .toggle-open { _font-size: 1.7em; line-height: .6em; } #ArchiveList { text-align: left; } #ArchiveList a.post-count-link, #ArchiveList a.post-count-link:link, #ArchiveList a.post-count-link:visited { text-decoration: none; } #ArchiveList a.toggle, #ArchiveList a.toggle:link, #ArchiveList a.toggle:visited, #ArchiveList a.toggle:hover { color: #a0a0a0; text-decoration: none; } .BlogArchive #ArchiveList ul li { background: none; list-style: none; list-style-image: none; list-style-position: outside; border-width: 0; padding-left: 15px; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; text-indent: -15px; margin: .25em 0; background-image: none; } .BlogArchive #ArchiveList ul ul li { padding-left: 1.2em; } .BlogArchive #ArchiveList ul { margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; list-style-image: none; border-width: 0; } .BlogArchive #ArchiveList ul.posts li { padding-left: 1.3em; } #ArchiveList .collapsed ul { display: none; } /* Artikel Terbaru */ .artikel-terbaru ul li { padding-bottom: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-weight: bold; } .LinkList ul li, .PageList ul li { padding: 6px 0px; } .artikel-terbaru ul li::before, .list-label-widget-content ul li::before, .LinkList ul li::before, .PageList ul li::before { content: " "; background: $(body.link.color); width: 8px; height: 8px; display: inline-block; border-radius: 4px; vertical-align: middle; margin-right: 3px; opacity: .7; } /* SUBSCRIBER BOX */ .berlangganan-box { background: $(header.background.kiri); background: linear-gradient(to right, $(header.background.kiri), $(header.background.kanan)); color: $(header.title.color); padding: 15px; margin: 20px 0; text-align: center; } .berlangganan-box p { margin:15px 0; } .berlangganan-box input.email-address[type="text"] { width: 60%; padding: 10px; text-align: center; border-radius: 2px; border: none; outline: none; } .berlangganan-box input.submit-email[type="submit"] { background: #fff; padding: 10px 15px; border-radius: 2px; color: $(body.text.color); border: none; outline: none; } .berlangganan-box input.submit-email[type="submit"]:hover { background: $(body.text.color); color: #fff; cursor: pointer; } .berlangganan-box input.email-address[type="text"]:focus { background: #fffcd2; } /* Back to top */ #back-to-top { background: $(backtp.background.color); color: $(backtp.color); padding: 6px 8px; font-size:24px; border-radius: 22px; } .back-to-top { position: fixed !important; position: absolute; bottom: 25px; right: 20px; z-index: 998; } .back-to-top svg { width:24px; height:24px; vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -5px; } .back-to-top svg path { fill: $(backtp.color); } /* Share button */ .share-this-pleaseeeee { display: inline-block; margin: 0; color: inherit; text-transform: uppercase; font-size: 16px; background: $(posts.background.color); z-index: 1; position: relative; padding: 0 10px; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 3px; } #share-container { margin: 20px auto 30px; overflow: hidden; } #share { width: 100%; text-align: center; } #share a { width: 25%; height: 40px; display: block; font-size: 24px; color: #fff; transition: opacity 0.15s linear; float: left; } #share a:hover { opacity: 0.8; } #share a svg { width:24px; height:24px; margin-top: 7px; } #share a svg path { fill: #ffffff; } .facebook { background: #3b5998; } .twitter { background: #55acee; } .linkedin { background: #0077b5; } .pinterest { background: #cb2027; } .whatsapp { background: #25d366; } /* Status Msg */ .status-msg-wrap { width: 90%; margin: 0 auto 15px; position: relative; } .status-msg-border { border: none; filter: alpha(opacity=40); -moz-opacity: .4; opacity: .4; width: 100%; position: relative; } .status-msg-bg { background-color: transparent; opacity: .8; filter: alpha(opacity=30); -moz-opacity: .8; width: 100%; position: relative; z-index: 1; } .status-msg-body { text-align: center; padding: .3em 0; width: 100%; position: absolute; z-index: 4; } .status-msg-hidden { visibility: hidden; padding: .3em 0; } .status-msg-wrap a { padding-left: .4em; } /* SLOT IKLAN */ .iklan-tengah1 .widget, .iklan-tengah2 .widget, .iklan-bawah .widget, .iklan-atas .widget, .iklan-tengah1 .widget-content, .iklan-tengah2 .widget-content, .iklan-bawah .widget-content, .iklan-atas .widget-content { margin:0 !important; } .iklan-tengah1 h2, .iklan-tengah2 h2, .iklan-bawah h2, .iklan-atas h2 { display: none; } .post-body .widget-content { text-align: center; margin: 0.8em 0 0.8em; display: block; } .post-body .widget-content:blank { margin: 0 0; } /* PAGE NAVIGATION */ #blog-pager { clear:both !important; overflow: hidden; padding:2px 0; text-align: center; } #blog-pager-newer-link a { float:left; display:block; } #blog-pager-older-link a { float:right; display:block; } .displaypageNum a,.showpage a,.pagecurrent, #blog-pager-newer-link a, #blog-pager-older-link a { font: $(navpage.font); padding: 8px 12px; margin: 2px 3px 2px 0px; display: inline-block; background: $(navpage.bg); color: $(navpage.color); } #blog-pager-older-link a:hover, #blog-pager-newer-link a:hover, a.home-link:hover, .displaypageNum a:hover,.showpage a:hover, .pagecurrent { background: $(navpage.bg.hover); color: $(navpage.hover.color); } .showpageOf { display: none !important; } #blog-pager .pages { border: none; } /* FOOTER NAV MENU */ #footer-navmenu { background: $(navmenufooter.bg); padding: 25px 0px; font: $(navmenufooter.font); color: $(navmenufooter.color); } #footer-navmenu-container { max-width: 1000px; margin: 0 auto; text-align: center; } #footer-navmenu ul { list-style: none; margin: 0; } #footer-navmenu ul li { display: inline-block; margin: 6px 0; } #footer-navmenu ul li::after { content:" \00B7"; } #footer-navmenu ul li:last-child::after { content:""; } #footer-navmenu ul li a { color: $(navmenufooter.color); margin: 0 13px; } #footer-navmenu ul li a:hover { color: $(navmenufooter.hover.color); } /* FOOTER WIDGET */ #footer-widget-container { background: $(footerwidget.bg.color); font-size: 18px; } .footer-widget { max-width: 1000px; margin: 0 auto; text-align: center; } /* SOCIAL ICON */ ul.nav-social { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 20px 0px; } ul.nav-social li { display: inline-block; padding: 0px 15px; margin: 0; } ul.nav-social li a svg { width: 40px; height: 40px } @media screen and (max-width:480px) { ul.nav-social li a svg { width: 30px; height: 30px } } ul.nav-social li a svg path { fill: $(footerwidget.color); } ul.nav-social li a:hover { fill: #555; } ul.nav-social li a.fb-s:hover svg path { fill: #3B5A9B; } ul.nav-social li a.tw-s:hover svg path { fill: #1BB2E9; } ul.nav-social li a.yt-s:hover svg path { fill: #ED3F41; } ul.nav-social li a.ig-s:hover svg path { fill: #527fa4; } ul.nav-social li a.ld-s:hover svg path { fill: #0271AE; } /* SEARCH FORM */ .search-icon { position: absolute; top: 11px; right: 0px; font-size: 19px; } .search-icon a { color: $(search.icon.color); } .search-icon svg { width: 24px; height: 24px } .search-icon path { fill: $(search.icon.color); } #searchfs { position: fixed; z-index:9999; top: 0px; left: 0px; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.85); -webkit-transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out; -moz-transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out; -o-transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out; -ms-transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out; -webkit-transform: translate(0px, -100%) scale(0, 0); -moz-transform: translate(0px, -100%) scale(0, 0); -o-transform: translate(0px, -100%) scale(0, 0); -ms-transform: translate(0px, -100%) scale(0, 0); transform: translate(0px, -100%) scale(0, 0); opacity: 0; } #searchfs.open { -webkit-transform: translate(0px, 0px) scale(1, 1); -moz-transform: translate(0px, 0px) scale(1, 1); -o-transform: translate(0px, 0px) scale(1, 1); -ms-transform: translate(0px, 0px) scale(1, 1); transform: translate(0px, 0px) scale(1, 1); opacity: 1; z-index: 9999; } #searchfs input[type="search"] { position: absolute; top: 50%; left: 0; margin-top: -51px; width: 70%; margin-left: 15%; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background: transparent; border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, .8); border-bottom: 2px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, .5); border-left: 0px solid transparent; border-right: 0px solid transparent; font-size: 40px; text-align: center; outline: none; padding: 10px; } #searchfs .close { position: fixed; bottom: 50%; right: 50%; color: #fff; background-color: transparent; opacity: 0.8; font-size: 40px; border: none; outline: none; margin-bottom: 60px; margin-right: -10px; } #searchfs .close:hover { cursor: pointer; } /* NAV MENU */ #cssmenu, #cssmenu ul, #cssmenu ul li, #cssmenu ul li a, #cssmenu #head-mobile { border: 0; list-style: none; line-height: 1; display: block; -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; -moz-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; } #cssmenu ul li a { position: relative; } #cssmenu #head-mobile { position: relative; } #cssmenu { text-align: left; } #cssmenu ul { margin: 0; display: block; height: 48px; } #cssmenu #head-mobile { display: none; position: relative; } #cssmenu > ul > li { float: left; margin: 0; } #cssmenu > ul > li > a { padding: 0 17px; font: $(navmenu.font); line-height: 48px; letter-spacing: 0.8px; text-decoration: none; text-transform: uppercase; color: $(navmenu.font.color); } #cssmenu > ul > li:hover > a, #cssmenu ul li.active a { color: $(navmenu.font.hover.color); } #cssmenu > ul > li:hover, #cssmenu ul li.active:hover, #cssmenu ul li.active, #cssmenu ul li.has-sub.active:hover { background: rgba(64,64,64,0.1); -webkit-transition: background .2s ease; -ms-transition: background .2s ease; transition: background .2s ease; } #cssmenu ul li.has-sub { position: relative; } #cssmenu > ul > li.has-sub > a::after, #cssmenu ul ul li.has-sub > a::after { content: ""; border-color: $(navmenu.font.color) transparent transparent; border-style: solid; border-width: 4px; height: 0px; width: 0px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 6px; margin-bottom: -2px; } #cssmenu ul ul li.has-sub > a::after { content: ""; border-color: transparent transparent transparent $(navsubmenu.font.color); margin-bottom: 0px; } #cssmenu ul ul { height: auto; position: absolute; left: -9999px; z-index: 1; -webkit-box-shadow: 0 2px 8px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); box-shadow: 0 2px 8px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); opacity: 0; transform: translateY(-2em); transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; } #cssmenu li:hover > ul { left: auto; opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0%); transition-delay: 0s, 0s, 0.3s; } #cssmenu ul ul li { background: $(navsubmenu.font.background); margin: 0; } #cssmenu ul ul li:hover { background: $(navsubmenu.hover); } #cssmenu ul ul ul{ margin-left: 100%; top: 0 } #cssmenu ul ul li a { font: $(navsubmenu.font); border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(150,150,150,0.15); padding: 0 17px; line-height: 36px; max-width: 100%; text-decoration: none; color: $(navsubmenu.font.color); white-space: nowrap; text-overflow: ellipsis; overflow: hidden; } #cssmenu ul ul li:last-child > a,#cssmenu ul ul li.last-item > a { border-bottom: 0 } #cssmenu ul ul li.has-sub:hover, #cssmenu ul li.has-sub ul li.has-sub ul li:hover { background: $(navsubmenu.hover); } @media screen and (min-width:801px){ #cssmenu ul { display: block !important; } } @media screen and (max-width:800px){ #cssmenu { float: none; } #cssmenu ul { background: $(navsubmenu.font.background); width: 100%; display: none; height: auto; -webkit-box-shadow: 0 2px 8px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); box-shadow: 0 2px 8px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); } #cssmenu > ul { max-height: calc(100vh - 48px); overflow-y: auto; } #cssmenu ul ul { -webkit-box-shadow: none; box-shadow: none; display:none; opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0%); transition: unset; } #cssmenu li:hover > ul { transition-delay: 0s, 0s, 0s; } #cssmenu ul li { width: 100%; border-top: 1px solid rgba(150,150,150,0.15); background: $(navsubmenu.font.background); } #cssmenu > ul > li:hover, #cssmenu ul li.active:hover, #cssmenu ul li.active, #cssmenu ul li.has-sub.active:hover { background: $(navsubmenu.hover); } #cssmenu > ul > li:hover > a, #cssmenu ul li.active a { color: $(navsubmenu.font.color); } #cssmenu ul ul li a { padding: 0 25px; } #cssmenu ul li a, #cssmenu ul ul li a { width: 100%; border-bottom: 0; color: $(navsubmenu.font.color); } #cssmenu > ul > li { float: none; position: relative; } #cssmenu ul ul li.has-sub ul li a { padding-left: 35px } #cssmenu ul ul, #cssmenu ul ul ul { position: relative; left: 0; width: 100%; margin: 0; text-align: left } #cssmenu > ul > li.has-sub > a::after, #cssmenu ul ul > li.has-sub > a::after { display: none } #cssmenu #head-mobile { display: block; padding: 24px; color: #fff; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold } .button { width: 25px; height: 20px; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 14px; cursor: pointer; z-index: 2; outline: none; } .mline1, .mline2, .mline3 { position: absolute; left: 0; display: block; height: 3px; width: 22px; background: $(search.icon.color); content:''; border-radius: 5px; transition: all 0.2s; } .mline1 { top: 0; } .mline2 { top: 7px; } .mline3 { top: 14px; } .button.menu-opened .mline1 { top: 8px; border: 0; height: 3px; width: 22px; background: $(navmenu.font.color); -webkit-transform: rotate(45deg); -moz-transform: rotate(45deg); -ms-transform: rotate(45deg); -o-transform: rotate(45deg); transform: rotate(45deg) } .button.menu-opened .mline2 { top: 8px; background: $(navmenu.font.color); width: 22px; -webkit-transform: rotate(-45deg); -moz-transform: rotate(-45deg); -ms-transform: rotate(-45deg); -o-transform: rotate(-45deg); transform: rotate(-45deg) } .button.menu-opened .mline3 { display: none; height:0; } #cssmenu .submenu-button { position: absolute; z-index: 99; right: 0; top: 0; cursor: pointer; } #cssmenu .submenu-button::after { content: ""; border-color: $(navsubmenu.font.color) transparent transparent; border-style: solid; border-width: 4px; height: 0px; width: 0px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; margin: 20px 20px 14px; } #cssmenu ul ul .submenu-button::after { margin: 16px 20px 12px; } #cssmenu ul ul ul li.active a{ border-left: none } #cssmenu > ul > li.has-sub > ul > li.active > a,#cssmenu > ul ul > li.has-sub > ul > li.active > a{ border-top: none } } /* FOOTER */ #footer-container { background: $(footer.background.color); padding: 20px 5px; overflow: hidden; color: $(footer.color); font-size: 12px; text-align: center; } #footer-wrapper { max-width: 1000px; margin: 0 auto; } #footer-wrapper a { color: $(footer.body.link.color); } #footer-wrapper a:hover { color: $(footer.hover.color); } /* BACA JUGA */ #baca-juga { display: none; } .post-body #baca-juga { display: block; overflow: hidden; } .post-body .baca-juga-wrap { max-width: 75%; margin: 1em 0 1.6em 2em; font-size: 0.9rem; } #baca-juga h2 { font-size: 15px; text-transform: uppercase; } #baca-juga a { font-weight: bold; display: block; padding: 0; } #baca-juga ul { margin: 0 0 0 20px; } #baca-juga li { padding: 0px; margin: .8rem 0; } /* RELATED POSTS */ .related-post { margin: 30px auto 0; overflow: hidden; } .related-post h4 { background: $(posts.background.color); position:relative; margin: 0; display: inline-block; font-weight: bold; color: $(label.color); text-transform: uppercase; font-size: 16px; z-index: 1; padding: 0 10px; margin-top: 3px; } .related-post ul { padding: 0 !important; font-size: 14px; } /* Style 3 */ .related-post-style-3, .related-post-style-3 li { margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; word-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; } .related-post-style-3 .related-post-item { float: left; width: 23.5%; height: auto; margin-right: 2%; margin-bottom: 10px; } .related-post-style-3 .related-post-item:nth-of-type(4n+0) { margin-right: 0; } .related-post-style-3 .related-post-item:nth-of-type(4n+1) { clear: both; } .related-post-style-3 .related-post-item:hover { opacity: 0.7; } .related-post-style-3 .related-post-item-thumbnail { display: block; max-height: none; background-color: transparent; border: none; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .related-post-style-3 .related-post-item-title { color: $(body.text.color); } .related-post-style-3 .related-post-item-tooltip { padding: 15px 0; } .related-post-item-tooltip .related-post-item-title { font-weight: bold; display: block; } @media only screen and (max-width:480px){ .related-post-style-3 .related-post-item { width: 48%; margin-right: 4%; } .related-post-style-3 .related-post-item:nth-of-type(2n+0) { margin-right: 0; } .related-post-style-3 .related-post-item:nth-of-type(2n+1) { clear: both; } } .contact-form-widget { } .contact-form-success-message, .contact-form-error-message { background: #f9edbe; border: 0 solid #f0c36d; font-size: 14px; text-align: center; max-width: 500px; border-radius: 3px; } .contact-form-success-message-with-border, .contact-form-error-message-with-border { background: #f9edbe; border: 1px solid #f0c36d; font-size: 14px; text-align: center; max-width: 600px; border-radius: 3px; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px 10px; } .contact-form-cross { height: 11px; margin: 0 5px; vertical-align: -8.5%; width: 11px; } .contact-form-email, .contact-form-name { color: inherit; height: 40px; margin-top: 5px; max-width: 300px; width: 100%; padding: 0 15px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid #cacaca; box-sizing: border-box; } .contact-form-email-message { color: inherit; margin-top: 5px; vertical-align: top; max-width: 600px; width: 100%; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid #cacaca; padding: 15px; } .contact-form-email:hover, .contact-form-name:hover, .contact-form-email-message:hover { outline: none; border: 1px solid $(body.link.color); } .contact-form-email:focus, .contact-form-name:focus, .contact-form-email-message:focus { outline: none; border: 1px solid $(body.link.color); } .contact-form-name, .contact-form-email, .contact-form-email-message { background: #f8f8f8; } .contact-form-button { display: block; font-size: 14px; line-height: 24px; padding: 5px 20px; margin: 30px 0; text-align: center; border: none; background: $(body.link.color); color: #fff; border-radius: 3px; font-weight: bold; } .contact-form-button:hover, .contact-form-button.hover { cursor: pointer; outline: none; opacity: .85; } .contact-form-button.focus, .contact-form-button.right.focus, .contact-form-button.mid.focus, .contact-form-button.left.focus { outline: none; } .contact-form-button-submit:focus, .contact-form-button-submit.focus { outline: none; opacity: .85; } .swajib { font-weight: bold; color: #e85e5e; } .ctitles { font-weight: bold; display: block; margin: 30px 0 0; } /* COMMENT FORM */ #comments-block { margin: 15px 0; } #comments-block .comment-author { border-radius: 4px 4px 0 0; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.03); padding: 15px 15px 0; } #comments-block .comment-body { background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.03); padding: 30px 15px 25px; margin: 0 0; } #comments-block .comment-body p { margin: 0; } #comments-block .comment-footer { border-radius: 0 0 4px 4px; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.03); padding: 0 15px 15px; margin: 0 0 20px; font-size: 0.88rem; } #comments-block .avatar-image-container { display: inline-block; margin-right: 4px; margin-bottom: -10px; background: #888; border-radius: 17px; } #comments-block .avatar-image-container img { display: block; } #comments-block .comment-footer a { } p.comment-footer { display: inline-block; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; } h4#comment-post-message { display: none; margin: 0 0 0 0; } .comments{ clear: both; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 0 } .comments .comments-content{ font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 30px } .comments .comments-content .comment-thread ol{ text-align: left; margin: 13px 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; } .comment .avatar-image-container { background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.03); border-radius: 20px; float: left; max-height: 36px; overflow: hidden; width: 36px; height: 36px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: 8px 7px; } .comments .avatar-image-container img { max-width: 36px; border-radius: 17px; } .comments .comment-block { background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.03); position: relative; padding: 20px; margin-left: 45px; border-radius: 10px; word-break: break-word; } .comments .comments-content .comment-replies{ margin:10px 0; margin-left:45px } .comments .comments-content .comment-thread:empty{ display:none } .comments .comment-replybox-single { margin-left:45px; margin: 20px 0; } .comments .comments-content .comment{ margin-bottom:6px; padding:0 } .comments .comments-content .comment:first-child { padding:0; margin:0 } .comments .comments-content .comment:last-child { padding:0; margin:0 } .comments .comment-thread.inline-thread .comment, .comments .comment-thread.inline-thread .comment:last-child { margin:0px 0px 5px 14% } .comment .comment-thread.inline-thread .comment:nth-child(6) { margin:0px 0px 5px 12%; } .comment .comment-thread.inline-thread .comment:nth-child(5) { margin:0px 0px 5px 10%; } .comment .comment-thread.inline-thread .comment:nth-child(4) { margin:0px 0px 5px 8%; } .comment .comment-thread.inline-thread .comment:nth-child(3) { margin:0px 0px 5px 4%; } .comment .comment-thread.inline-thread .comment:nth-child(2) { margin:0px 0px 5px 2%; } .comment .comment-thread.inline-thread .comment:nth-child(1) { margin:0px 0px 5px 0; } .comments .comments-content .comment-thread{ margin:0; padding:0 } .comments .comments-content .inline-thread{ margin:0 } .comments .comments-content .icon.blog-author { display:inline; height: 18px; margin: 0 0 -4px 6px; width: 18px; } .comments .comments-content .icon.blog-author::after { content:"author"; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.36); color: #fff; padding: 2px 6px; border-radius: 10px; font-size: 11px; } .comments .comments-content .comment-header { font-size:14px; margin: 0 0 15px; } .comments .comments-content .comment-content { margin: 0 0 15px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.6; } .comments .comments-content .datetime { margin-left: 6px; } .comments .comments-content .datetime a { color: $(post.footer.color); } .comments .comments-content .user { font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; } .comments .comment .comment-actions a { display: inline-block; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px; margin: 4px 8px 0 0; } .comments .continue a { display:inline-block; font-size:13px; padding: .5em; } .comments .comment .comment-actions a:hover, .comments .continue a:hover{ text-decoration:underline; } .pesan-komentar:not(:empty) { padding: 20px; background: #f9f9f9; margin-bottom: 30px; } .deleted-comment { font-style: italic; opacity: .5; } .comments .comments-content .loadmore { cursor: pointer; margin-top: 3em; max-height: 3em } .comments .comments-content .loadmore.loaded { max-height: 0; opacity: 0; overflow: hidden } .comments .thread-chrome.thread-collapsed { display: none } .comments .thread-toggle { display: inline-block } .comments .thread-toggle .thread-arrow { display: inline-block; height: 6px; margin: .3em; overflow: visible; padding-right: 4px; width: 7px } .comments .thread-expanded .thread-arrow { background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAcAAAAHCAYAAADEUlfTAAAAG0lEQVR42mNgwAfKy8v/48I4FeA0AacVDFQBAP9wJkE/KhUMAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") no-repeat scroll 0 0 transparent } .comments .thread-collapsed .thread-arrow { background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAcAAAAHCAYAAADEUlfTAAAAJUlEQVR42mNgAILy8vL/DLgASBKnApgkVgXIkhgKiNKJ005s4gDLbCZBiSxfygAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==") no-repeat scroll 0 0 transparent } .comments .hidden { display: none } @media screen and (max-device-width:480px) { .comments .comments-content .comment-replies { margin-left: 0 } } /* MEDIA QUERY */ @media only screen and (max-width:1080px){ #wrapper { margin: 0 auto; } .footer-widget, #footer-navmenu-container { max-width: 100%; } #header-wrapper, .footer-widget .widget, #footer-navmenu-container { padding-left: 30px; padding-right: 30px; } .sticky-mobile { margin-right: 30px; } .search-icon { right: 30px; } } @media only screen and (max-width:800px){ #post-wrapper, #sidebar-wrapper { float:none; width:100%; max-width:100% } .post-container { padding: 0 0 20px 0; } #header-wrapper { padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; position: relative; } #wrapper { padding: 70px 20px 20px; } #cssmenu > ul > li > a { padding: 0px 20px; line-height: 42px; } .footer-widget .widget, #footer-navmenu-container { padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px; } .button { left: 20px; } .header { position: absolute; top: 0; left: 45px; right: 45px; z-index: 1; text-align: center; float: none; display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; margin-right: 0; } .header img { display: inline-block !important; } .search-icon { right: 20px; } } @media only screen and (max-width:640px){ #wrapper { padding: 70px 15px 15px; } #cssmenu > ul > li > a { padding: 0 15px; } .footer-widget .widget, #footer-navmenu-container { padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 15px; } .button { left: 15px; } #post-wrapper, #sidebar-wrapper { float:none; width:100%; max-width:100% } .search-icon { right: 15px; } } @media only screen and (max-width:480px){ #footer-navmenu ul li a { margin: 0px 8px; } ul.nav-social li { padding: 0px 8px; } .post-snippet { margin-top: 10px; } blockquote { margin-left:0; margin-right:0; } .post-body .baca-juga-wrap { margin: 1em 0 1em 0; max-width: 100%; } h1{font-size:170%} h2{font-size:150%} h3{font-size:130%} h4{font-size:120%} h5{font-size:110%} h6{font-size:100%} h2.post-title { font-size: 18px; } h1.post-title { font-size: 24px; } .post-body img.fullwidth { width: 100vw; margin: 0px -15px; max-width: 100vw; } .section:last-child .widget:last-child, .sidebar .widget, .sidebar-sticky .widget, .above-post-widget .widget, .bellow-header-widget .widget, #blog-pager { margin:0 0 20px; } .comments .comments-content .comment-replies{ margin-left:20px !important; } .comments .comment-block { padding: 15px !important; } .comment .comment-thread.inline-thread .comment { margin: 0 0 0 0 !important; } #searchfs input[type="search"] { font-size: 26px; } .FeaturedPost .post-summary, .bellow-header-widget { width: calc(100% + 30px); margin: 0px 0px 15px -15px; } .FeaturedPost .post-summary, .FeaturedPost .image{ border-radius: unset; } .FeaturedPost .post-summary h3 { font-size: 20px; margin: 0 10px; } .FeaturedPost .post-summary p { margin: 0 10px; } } /* Tombol Download */ .buttonDownload { border-radius: 3px; display: inline-block; position: relative; padding: 10px 25px; background-color: $(body.link.color); color: white !important; font-weight: bold; font-size: 0.9em; text-align: center; text-indent: 15px; transition:all 0.4s; -moz-transition:all 0.4s; -webkit-transition:all 0.4s; } .buttonDownload:hover { opacity: .85; } .buttonDownload::before, .buttonDownload::after { content: ' '; display: block; position: absolute; left: 15px; top: 52%; } .buttonDownload::before { width: 10px; height: 2px; border-style: solid; border-width: 0 2px 2px; } .buttonDownload::after { width: 0; height: 0; margin-left: 3px; margin-top: -7px; border-style: solid; border-width: 4px 4px 0 4px; border-color: transparent; border-top-color: inherit; animation: downloadArrow 2s linear infinite; animation-play-state: paused; } .buttonDownload:hover::after { animation-play-state: running; } @keyframes downloadArrow { 0% { margin-top: -7px; opacity: 1; } 0.001% { margin-top: -15px; opacity: 0; } 50% { opacity: 1; } 100% { margin-top: 0; opacity: 0; } } /* Skin for Blogger Tabbed Layout TOC */ .tabbed-toc { margin: 0 auto; background: $(header.background.kiri); background: linear-gradient(to bottom right, $(header.background.kiri), $(header.background.kanan)); position: relative; } .tabbed-toc .loading { display: block; padding: 2px 12px; color: $(navmenu.font.color); } .tabbed-toc ul, .tabbed-toc ol, .tabbed-toc li { margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; } .tabbed-toc .toc-tabs { width: 20%; 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Cara Pengendalian Hama Dan Penyakit Pada Flora Bawang Daun

Cara Pengendalian Hama Dan Penyakit Pada Tanaman Bawang Daun Lengkap


Hama dan penyakit yang menyerang bawang daun dapat merusak seluruh bagian tanaman. Kerugian yang diakibatkannya antara lain penuranan hasil panen, penurunan kualitas daun, peningkatan ongkos buatan, dan pada hasilnya penurunan pendapatan usaha tani. Oleh karena itu, pengendalian hama dan penyakit mesti dijalankan dengan baik dan sedini mungkin supaya serangan hama dan penyakit mampu ditekan sekecil mungkin. Dengan demikian, kerusakan yang terjadi tidak menyebabkan kerugian terlalu besar.


Hama


1. Ulat Tanah (Agrotis ipsilon Hfn.)

Ulat tanah merupakan larva dari kupu-kupu (ngengat). Ulat tanah menyerang tumbuhan muda yang berumur antara 1-30 hari setelah tanam, bab yang diserang yakni daun dan pucuk tumbuhan. Pencegahan dan pengendalian ulat tanah dapat dilakukan dengan beberapa cara, antara lain:



  • Pergiliran flora dengan flora yang bukan inang hama ini.

  • Penanaman dilaksanakan  bersama-sama.

  • Pengendalian secara mekanis dengan menangkap ulat pada sore atau malam hari untuk dimusnahkan.

  • Sanitasi kebun.

  • Pemasangan perangkap berupa umpan yang diminati ulat yang diberi lem atau racun.

  • Penyemprotan dengan insektisida mirip Dursban 20 EC, Matador, Hastathion 40 EC, atau Furadan 3 G di sekeliling pangkal batang tumbuhan.


2. Ulat Daun

Spesies ulat daun atau ulat grayak yang sering menyerang bawang daun yakni Spodoptera exiqua Hbn.  Ulat ini sungguh berbahaya bagi flora bawang- bawangan alasannya adalah serangannya mempunyai daya rusak sangat tinggi dan perkembangannya sungguh cepat. Hama ini memakan daging daun sebelah dalam (endodermis) sehingga daun terlihat berwarna putih transparan memanjang. Daun yang diserang ulat ini akan layu terkulai. Penggerekan daun umumnya dimulai dari ujung, menuju pangkal daun. Hama ini aktif menyerang tanaman pada malam hari.


Pencegahan dan pengendalian hama ini mampu dilakukan dengan beberapa cara, antara lain:



  • Sanitasi kebun

  • Penanaman dikerjakan bersama-sama.

  • Pergiliran tumbuhan dengan tanaman yang bukan inang hama ini.

  • Pengendalian secara mekanis dengan memunguti telur vang terdapat di ujung daun dan ulat-ulat yang terdapat di permukaan daun bab dalam.

  • Penyemprotan dengan insektisida. Misalnya, Larvin 375 AS, Atabron 50 EC, atau Cascade 50 EC. Penyemprotan 2-3 kali sehari.

  • Penggenangan air sesaat.


3. Kutu Bawang (Thrips tabaci Lind.)

Kutu bawang atau lebih dikenal dengan sebutan gurem.  Pada bawang daun, thrips menyerang dengan mengisap cairan sel tumbuhan, baik pada daun maupun pada bab flora yang lain. Bawang daun yang diserang hama thrips pada mulanya terlihat berwarna kuning, kemudian berkembang menjadi putih mengilat atau keperak-perakan (pucat), daun berkerut atau mengeriting, dan karenanya menjadi layu, mengering, dan mati. Pencegahan dan pengendalian hama ini mampu dijalankan dengan beberapa cara, antara lain :



  • Sanitasi kebun

  • Pergiliran flora dengan tumbuhan yang bukan flora inang.

  • Penerapan teknik budidaya bawang daun dengan metode mulsa plastik hitam perak.

  • Penyebaran musuh alami seperti kumbang harimau (Menochilus sp.),dll.

  • Penggenangan air sesaat

  • Pemasangan perangkap insect adhesive trap paper.

  • Penyemprotan insektisida, seperti Sevin 5D, Bayrusil 250 EC, Mesurol 50 WP, atau Meathrin 50 EC.


Penyakit


1. Busuk Leher Batang

Penyebab penyakit ini adalah cendawan Botrytis allii Munn. Bawang daun yang diserang menampakkan tanda-tanda-gejala mirip leher batang atau pangkal batang menjadi lunak dan berwarna abu, kebasahan, dan balasannya membusuk. Serangan penyakit ini menjadikan pengangkutan zat hara dan air ke daun terusik sehingga menjadi flora layu.

Pencegahan dan pengendalian penyakit ini mampu dilakukan dengan beberapa cara, antara lain:



  • Pembuatan terusan drainase yang cukup.

  • Sanitasi kebun.

  • Pergiliran tanaman dengan tumbuhan yang bukan inang hama ini.

  • Penggunaan benih yang sehat.

  • Penyemprotan fungisida, misalnya Rovral 50 WP, Topsin M 70 WP, Dithane M-45, atau Daconil 75 WP dengan nterval penyemprotan 4—7 hari sekali.



2. Layu Fusarium

Penyebab penyakit ini yakni cendawan Fusarium sp. Bawang daun yang diserang penyakit ini menampakkan tanda seperti pada mulanya daun menguning dan selanjutnya daun-daun layu secara secara tiba-tiba dan tidak mampu sehat kembali. Pencegahan dan pengendalian penyakit ini mampu dilaksanakan dengan beberapa cara, antara lain :



  • Pencabutan flora yang terjangkit untuk dibakar.

  • Pembuatan drainase yang baik.

  • Penanaman dengan jarak tanam yang cocok.

  • Bibit yang hendak ditanam dicelupkan dulu dalam larutan Benomyl.

  • Pergiliran tanam dengan tumbuhan yang bukan inang cendawan ini.

  • Penyiraman dengan larutan fungisida, seperti Anvil 50 EC, Derosal 60 WP, atau Dithane M-45 di sekitar batang flora.



3. Bercak Ungu

Penyakit bercak ungu disebabkan oleh cendawan Alternaria porri (Ell. cif.) atau cendawan Macrosporium porri Ell. Daun flora bawang daun yang diserang cendawan ini pada awalnya menampakkan bercak-bercak berwarna keputihan sampai kelabu, berskala kecil, dan agak cekung. Bercak-bercak kecil tersebut akan meluas dan warnanya berubah menjadi debu-bubuk keunguan dan bertepung cokelat kehitaman yang dikelilingi warna kuning. Bila serangan sudah parah, ujung daun yang terserang akan mengering dan jadinya flora mati. Cendawan ini juga menyerang pangkal batang atau leher akar yang mengakibatkan pembusukan, ditandai dengan timbulnya warna kuning sampai merah kecokelat-cokelatan pada bagian yang terinfeksi.


Pencegahan dan pengendalian penyakit ini mampu dijalankan dengan beberapa cara, antara lain:



  • Pergiliran flora dengan flora yang bukan inang cendawan ini.

  • Pembuatan drainase yang bagus.

  • Penggunaan bibit yang sehat.

  • Sanitasi kebun.

  • Penyemprotan fungisida mirip Antracol 70 WP, Orthocide 50 WP. atau Dithane M-45. Dengan jarak penyemprotan 4-7 hari sekali sejak tumbuhan berumur sepekan sehabis tanam.


4. Antraknosa

Penyakit antraknosa disebabkan oleh cendawan Collectotrichmm gloeosporioides Penz. atau cendawan Collectotrichmm circinans (Berk.) Vogl. Serangan penyakit antraknosa pada bawang daun menimbulkan pangkal daun mengecil dan tanaman mati sehingga penyakit ini sering disebut penyakit otomatis atau smudge. Tanda-tanda bawang daun yang diserang penyakit antraknosa yakni daun-daun bagian bawah rebah, pangkal daun mengecil, berwarna gelap, dan tanaman mati secara secara tiba-tiba.


Pencegahan dan pengendalian penyakit  ini mampu dijalankan dengan beberapa cara, antara lain :



  • Pencabutan flora yang sakit dicabut untuk dibakar.

  • Sanitasi kebun.

  • Pergiliran tumbuhan dengan tanaman yang bukan famili Liliaceae.

  • Penyemprotan fungisida, misalnya Antracol 70 WP, Daconil 75 WP, dan Dithane M-45.


5. Embun Tepung

Penyebab penyakit ini adalah cendawan Peronospora destruktor (Berk.) Casp. Tanda-tanda bawang daun yang diserang cendawan ini yakni terlihat bercak-bercak hitam pucat pada daun, terutama pada ujung-ujung daun, yang lalu berubah warna menjadi putih lembayung atau ungu. Pada serangan yang berat, daun akan menguning, layu, mengering, dan jadinya mati.

Pencegahan dan pengendalian penyakit ini dapat dijalankan dengan beberapa cara, antara lain:



  • Sanitasi kebun.

  • Penanaman bibit bawang daun yang sehat.

  • Pergiliran flora dengan tanaman yang bukan famili Liliaceae.

  • Penyiraman tumbuhan dengan air yang sehat dan bersih.

  • Penyemprotan fungisida, misalnya Daconil 75 WP, Dithane M-45, atau Antracol 70 WP dengan jarak penyemprotan 4—7 hari sekali tujuh hari sesudah bibit ditanam.


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